Gustave Courbet was the first artist to self-consciously proclaim and practice the realist aesthetic. All these developments stimulated interest in accurately recording contemporary life and society. Among these were the anti-Romantic movement in Germany, with its emphasis on the common man as an artistic subject Auguste Comte’s Positivist philosophy, in which sociology’s importance as the scientific study of society was emphasized the rise of professional journalism, with its accurate and dispassionate recording of current events and the development of photography, with its capability of mechanically reproducing visual appearances with extreme accuracy. Realism was stimulated by several intellectual developments in the first half of the 19th century. Indeed, they conscientiously set themselves to reproducing all the hitherto-ignored aspects of contemporary life and society-its mental attitudes, physical settings, and material conditions. They attempted to portray the lives, appearances, problems, customs, and mores of the middle and lower classes, of the unexceptional, the ordinary, the humble, and the unadorned. The French proponents of realism were agreed in their rejection of the artificiality of both the Classicism and Romanticism of the academies and on the necessity for contemporaneity in an effective work of art. One of the first appearances of the term realism was in the Mercure français du XIX e siècle in 1826, in which the word is used to describe a doctrine based not upon imitating past artistic achievements but upon the truthful and accurate depiction of the models that nature and contemporary life offer the artist. Indeed, realism may be viewed as a major trend in French novels and paintings between 18. Realism was not consciously adopted as an aesthetic program until the mid-19th century in France, however. The works of the 18th-century English novelists Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, and Tobias Smollett may also be called realistic. The works of such 17th-century painters as Caravaggio, the Dutch genre painters, the Spanish painters José de Ribera, Diego Velázquez, and Francisco de Zurbarán, and the Le Nain brothers in France are realist in approach. In the visual arts, for example, realism can be found in ancient Hellenistic Greek sculptures accurately portraying boxers and decrepit old women. As such, realism in its broad sense has comprised many artistic currents in different civilizations. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances. Realism, in the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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